ANSWER: D
The use of anticoagulant therapy (warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, among others) can result in AKI by causing glomerular hemorrhage and renal tubular obstruction by RBC casts. This may be a serious potential complication especially in older patients with underlying chronic kidney injury.
References:
Glassock RJ. Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy It’s the Real McCoy. CJASN 14:935-937, 2019.
Brodsky S, Eikelboom J, Hebert LA. Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 29:2787-2793, 2018.
Brodsky S, Satoskar A, et al. Acute Kidney Injury During Warfarin Therapy Associated with Obstructive Tubular Red blood Cell Casts: A Report of Nine Cases. Am J Kidney Dis 54(6):1121-6, 2009.
Brodsky S, Nadasdy T, et al. Warfarin-related nephropathy occurs in patient with and without chronic kidney disease and is associated with an increased mortality rate. Kidney Int 80:181-189, 2011.
Wheeler DS, Giugliano RP, Rangaswami J. Anticoagulation-related nephropathy. J Thromb Haemost 14: 461-467, 2016.
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